LiDAR Explained: How Light Detection and Ranging is Revolutionizing Mapping

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges (variable distances) to the Earth. These light pulses—combined with other data recorded by the airborne system— generate precise, three-dimensional information about the shape of the Earth and its surface characteristics. This article breaks down the components of a LiDAR system, explains how point cloud data is generated and processed, and showcases its diverse applications, from forestry management and flood modeling to autonomous vehicle navigation and infrastructure inspection. Discover why LiDAR is an indispensable tool for modern geospatial analysis.